File Systems
A file system is a method used by the OS to store, organize, and manage files on a storage device (like a hard drive, SSD, or flash drive). It dictates how data is stored and retrieved.
Functions of a File System:
- File Management: The OS allows you to create, read, write, and delete files. Files are stored in directories (or folders) to make them easy to organize and access.
- File Naming: File systems use naming conventions (like .txt, .jpg, or .exe) to categorize files.
- Access Control: The OS uses file permissions to control which users or programs can read, write, or execute files. This ensures data security and prevents unauthorized access.
- Directory Structure: Files are stored in hierarchical structures (like folders within folders) that help users organize and locate their files easily.
Types of File Systems:
- FAT (File Allocation Table): Simple and used in smaller systems or older devices.
- NTFS (New Technology File System): A more advanced file system used by Windows, supporting large files, security features, and better data management.
- ext4 (Extended File System 4): Commonly used in Linux systems, known for high performance and reliability.
- HFS+ (Hierarchical File System): Used in macOS, offering good integration with Apple’s ecosystem.
